Understanding PSSR 2000

The regulations, introduced in February 2000 under statutory instrument S.I.128, are designed to ensure the safe operation of compressed air systems ‘in use’. Unlike regulations that govern systems being placed on the market as goods, PSSR 2000 focuses on systems that are actively used, emphasising safety and compliance.

Even though the regulation has been in force for nearly 25 years, BCAS still receives more enquiries on this one topic than all other technical enquiries combined – a measure of both the importance and complexity of the regulations.

Scope and application of PSSR 2000

PSSR is not limited to large or complex compressed air systems, that might involve components like steam and liquified gases. It also covers smaller systems, including those for compressed air and gases. A typical pressure system consists of a rigid pressure vessel (often made of steel), protective devices, and pipework. 

It is important to note that ‘pipework’ refers to all parts of a pressure system except the pressure vessel and protective devices. This definition is crucial because, in many cases, pipework can be excluded from a compressed air Written Scheme of Examination. However, this exclusion is only valid if a thorough risk assessment is conducted by a competent person who can certify that such an exclusion does not compromise safety.

There is a common misconception that small, tank-mounted compressors (self-contained compressor/receiver assemblies typically with 24-litre receivers and a 10-bar working pressure) are exempt from PSSR requirements. This is not the case. 

While there is an exemption for the necessity of a Written Scheme of Examination for systems with a total stored energy below 250 bar litres, these systems must still comply with all other aspects of the regulation. The stored energy of a system is a critical factor that needs careful consideration, as it relates directly to the potential hazards posed by the system.

Responsibilities of owners and users

Under PSSR, the 'user' of an installed system typically bears full responsibility for ensuring compliance with the regulations. In scenarios involving mobile, hired, or leased systems, the ‘owner’ may also have certain obligations. 

Regardless, both owners and users must ensure that the system complies with PSSR. Given the technical nature and complexity of these regulations, it is often unrealistic to expect system owners or users to fully understand all the requirements. Consequently, the compliance activity is frequently outsourced to a ‘competent person body’; an entity that possesses the necessary competence and skills to interpret and apply the regulations correctly.

Clarifying misconceptions: Insurance inspections versus competent person examinations

A common misunderstanding is that the PSSR mandates that inspections must be conducted by insurance companies. In reality, the regulations only stipulate that the ‘Examination in accordance with the written scheme’ (Regulation 9) must be carried out by a ‘competent person’… using suitable techniques, including testing where appropriate.’

Refer to BCAS fact sheet 315  - Competent Person Description for the definition of a competent person in this specific instance.

Even the term examination has a specific definition within the regulations. ‘Examination’ means ‘a careful and critical scrutiny of a pressure system or part of a pressure system, in or out of service as appropriate’ and only applies to ‘examinations carried out under the written scheme of examination, i.e., ones conducted to assess the condition of those parts of the system which may give rise to danger (as defined) in the event of an uncontrolled release of stored energy.’

BCAS's role in addressing industry needs

Recognising a gap in the industry, BCAS has taken a proactive role in providing competent examination services for compressed air systems. 

It seems relatively clear that the most appropriate “competent person” to carry out the examination of a compressed air system should be the valued service provider who also provides the necessary maintenance and supply expertise and function. 

To address this need, BCAS developed the Compressed Air Systems' Testing and Examinations course. This course helps provide the necessary knowledge and skills required to conduct examinations in accordance with PSSR Regulation 9. 

The course is available in a blended format, combining online modules with a practical, face-to-face classroom component. The qualification lasts for five years, after which participants are required to take a refresher module, updating on changes to regulations, guidance, and techniques and providing valuable feedback for continuous improvement.

Additionally, BCAS offers a one-day Understanding PSSR course. This course details the responsibilities associated with owning, using, or installing pressure systems. It is particularly useful for company directors, senior managers, facility managers, and sales and service personnel who deal with pressure systems within their organisations. However, it is open to anyone interested in gaining a better understanding of the regulations and their implementation.

The importance of learning, development, and training

Terry Collier, BCAS learning and development officer

Learning, development, and training can enhance both employee satisfaction and organisational performance. Investing in these areas not only boosts employees' skills but also demonstrates the organisation's commitment to their growth. 

• Learning: The acquisition of knowledge through study
• Development: The process of gaining new skills.
• Training: The act of teaching a person a particular skill

These investments create a mutually beneficial cycle where employees gain new capabilities, while the organisation benefits from increased agility and performance. 

For training to be effective, it must be timely and at the appropriate levels. BCAS offers a variety of development events, from short ‘coffee break’ sessions on targeted topics to comprehensive diploma programs in compressed air systems.

Training needs can be categorised as statutory, mandatory, and optional:

• Statutory training: Required by law, such as training under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Both employers and employees must undertake this training to ensure a safe working environment
• Mandatory training: Deemed essential by the employer, based on regulatory standards or best practices. This training is necessary for employees to perform their roles safely and effectively
• Optional training: These are training opportunities that may not be immediately required for an employee's current role but are beneficial for future career advancement. Communication between employees and employers is crucial in this context to ensure that optional training aligns with both personal and organisational goals

BCAS's blended learning approach

BCAS supports these learning and development initiatives with its CPD-approved, blended learning courses. These courses combine online tutorials and training with guided learning and assessment by BCAS-qualified tutors. 

This flexible learning model allows participants to study at their own pace and convenience, balancing at-home study with invigilated examinations. 

In summary, the PSSR 2000 regulations are a critical framework for ensuring the safe operation of pressure systems. BCAS plays a crucial role in helping organisations and individuals understand and comply with these regulations. 

Through comprehensive training and development programs, BCAS not only fills a vital gap in the industry but also contributes to the ongoing professional growth and safety awareness of those involved in the management and operation of pressure systems.

Tim Preece is technical officer at BCAS

www.bcas.org.uk

Tel: 0207 935 2464